Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS / FPG)
Clinical interpretation, ADA diagnostic thresholds, prediabetes identification, and diabetic crisis evaluation for Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG / FBS).
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Quick Reference Facts
Laboratory Interpretation Workflow
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Test Description & Overview
Fasting Blood Sugar (Fasting Plasma Glucose / FPG): Quantitative measurement of blood venous plasma glucose concentration following a minimum 8-hour overnight caloric fast, serving as a primary diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose.
Normal: 70–99 mg/dL (3.9–5.5 mmol/L); Impaired Fasting Glucose (Prediabetes): 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L); Diabetes Mellitus Diagnostic Threshold: ≥126 mg/dL (≥7.0 mmol/L) confirmed on repeat testing.
Elevated (High) Values
- Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS - glucose >600 mg/dL)
- Cushing's Syndrome, Acromegaly, Acute Pancreatitis, Stress Hyperglycemia (Sepsis, Trauma, Steroid Therapy)
Decreased (Low) Values
- Level 1 Hypoglycemia (54-70 mg/dL), Level 2 Severe Hypoglycemia (<54 mg/dL)
- Exogenous Insulin or Sulfonylurea Overdose, Insulinoma, Severe Hepatic Failure, Adrenal Insufficiency
Clinical Alignment & Significance
Fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL on two separate occasions confirms Diabetes Mellitus; extreme hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dL) with Kussmaul breathing or altered mental status demands emergency DKA/HHS management.
Diagnostic Guidance Notice
Standard laboratory reference ranges vary based on the testing facility. Significant deviations require immediate clinician review to rule out severe medical pathology.
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Reference Citations & Evidence Sources
Clinical Guidelines & Consensus Statements
Clinical Reviews & Textbooks
- CIT-0023National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. "Homeopathy: What You Need To Know." National Institutes of Health (2021).
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L0015Dr. Narayan Jethwani. "Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS / FPG)." Homeo Healthcare Clinical Platform. Version 1.1.0. Reviewed: 2026-07-31T20:30:00Z. Available at: https://homeo.healthcare/knowledge/lab-tests/fasting-blood-sugar
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